Rapid Population Growth and Infrastructural Challenges in Dodoma City, Tanzania

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and population growth across African cities have intensified infrastructural challenges, particularly in the delivery of essential services such as transport, water, healthcare, education, and housing. As urban populations expand, often doubling within a decade, pressure on infrastructure deepens, especially in peripheral zones where disparities in service access are most pronounced. This study examines the nature and extent of these challenges using a mixed-methods approach, combining household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The quantitative data were collected from 400 randomly selected households across five urban wards. The results show that 67.6% of the respondents face limited access to basic services, 56.3% report poor road conditions, and 33.3% experience water shortages. Additional concerns include overcrowded classrooms, understaffed health facilities, and unaffordable services; with women and low-income groups being disproportionately affected. The findings highlight how spatial governance dynamics contribute to infrastructural deficits amid rapid urban growth. The study recommends inclusive planning and targeted investment in underserved areas to foster sustainable and equitable urban development.